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Carex echinata

Murray (1770)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Densely tufted, clump–forming perennials.

Stems: Culms (stems) slender, trigonous, 20–40 cm tall.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked. Blades filiform, slightly shorter than to longer than the culm, 0.8–1(–1.5) mm wide. Apex gradually tapering and acuminate. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths brown, tightly surrounding the culm bases. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences spicately bearing 3–7 spikes, exposing the axis at least toward base, spikes androgynous or the terminal one often staminate, rarely a few spikes gynecandrous, ovoid or ovoid–globose, 0.3–1.2 cm long, 3–5'mm wide, sessile; lowest Flowers unisexual. Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Achenes ovoid; lenticular; stipitate. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 58

Habitat: Occurring in bogs; lake margins other wet sites.

Elevation Range: 1,370–2,225 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Carex echinata subsp. echinata

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Prodr. Stirp. Gott.: 76 (1770)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Carex echinata Kipuka Ahiu, 1880-1 flow Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 934 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-24
2 Carex echinata East Maui, Hana Rainforest at Greensword Bog. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1732 Maui BISH 1993-07-24
3 Carex echinata East Maui, Hana Rainforest at Greensword Bog Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1732 Maui BISH 1993-06-24
4 Carex echinata 29 Miles, Kilauea wet pasture Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8223 Hawaii BISH 1929-06-07
5 Carex echinata East Maui, E outer slope of Haleakala, 2 miles NE of Paliku Cabins, of Wai Eleele lake below Wai Anapanapa with Carex alligata, C. nealae, Deschampsia, Luzula. Common. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3564 Maui BISH 1969-06-19
6 Carex echinata East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi NAR Growing at margin of bog; locally common. Vegetation: Argyroxiphium, Dryopteris, Sadleria, Metrosideros, Holcus, Hypocaeris, Tibouchina Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 71914 Maui BISH 2019-07-24
7 Carex echinata Alakai between Lehua makanoe and Kilohana Panicum cushions Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2955 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
8 Carex echinata East Maui, Waihoi Bog Among Oreobolus and Rhacomitrium hummocks. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2585 Maui BISH 1986-07-11
9 Carex echinata South Hilo Distr., Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, Powerline Road, Pole 27, Transect 26, ca. 2 mi south of the junction with Saddle Road Kipuka about 1 mi. east of road, on damp forest floor. Associated with Broussaisia, Pelea, Metrosideros, Cibotium, Rubus, Astelia, Coprosma, Vaccinium, etc. Preserved_Specimen Common. Gustafson, R. 2388 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-21
10 Carex echinata Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve, Site 34 OS Dense healthy forest. Assoc. spp: Metrosideros polymorpha (pubescent), Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana, Vaccinium calycinum, Cibotium glaucum. Soils an extremely shallow yet well-drained organic found over a pahoehoe flow. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent culms, scattered throughout sea stack, in talus & brown soil. Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-07-02
11 Carex echinata East Maui, E outer slope of Haleakala, 2 miles NE of Paliku Cabins, in open bog between Wai Anapanapa and Wai Eleele with Carex montis-eeka, Deschampsia, Luzula, Dryopteris glabra. Common. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3571 Maui BISH 1969-06-19
12 Carex echinata East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, In large bog near N rim of Kipahulu with Plantago and Greenswords Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 251 Maui BISH 1973-06-29
13 Carex echinata East Maui, Hana District, E outer slope of Haleakala, 1.5 miles NE of Paliku Cabins, just above Wai Anapanapa infrequent in heath scrub along trail. With Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sadleria, Pteridium, Dubautia scabra, Lysimachia etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3603 Maui BISH 1969-06-20
14 Carex echinata in small bog inside Waihoi Crater on bed of Campylopus-like moss with Deschampsia and Carex montis-eeka Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 587 Maui BISH 1974-03-17
15 Carex echinata East Maui, Hana District, Hana FR Growing in bog. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Deschampsia, Argyroxiphium, Oreobolus, Carex montis-eeka, Geranium, Dryopteris, Holcus, Hypocaeris Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 71908 Maui BISH 2019-07-23
16 Carex echinata Kipahulu - Waihoi divide, N side of Hana Forest Reserve Common, forming much of turf in wet open bog Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21107 Maui BISH 1945-08-22
17 Carex echinata Unnamed kipuka along Saddle Rd., N side near mile-marker 19 kipuka Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4880 Hawaii BISH 1983-07-27
18 Carex echinata Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve In silversword bog, most abundant toward forest edge. Associated with Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. Preserved_Specimen Common sedge. Davis, J. 531 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
19 Carex echinata Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Common sedge in silversword bog, most abundant toward forest edge. Associated with Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 531 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
20 Carex echinata Haleakala, Bogs below Wai Anapanapa Preserved_Specimen Forms dense pure colonies in the bog. Forbes, C.N. 1181 Maui BISH 1919-08-20
21 Carex echinata East Maui, Makawao District, just below Ukulele camp Growing in shade under mixed ohia forest Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1406 Maui BISH 1982-06-01
22 Carex echinata East Maui, NE outer slope of Haleakala, 1.5 miles NE of Paliku Cabins, in mire at NE corner of extensive Deschampsia grassland common in mire with Carex montis-eeka, Deschampsia, Oreobolus, Panicum lamiatile, Luzula etc. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3612 Maui BISH 1969-06-21
23 Carex echinata Haleakala, Bogs below Wai Anapanapa Preserved_Specimen Forms dense pure colonies in the bog. Forbes, C.N. 1181 Maui BISH 1919-08-20
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