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Carex echinata

Murray (1770)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Densely tufted, clump–forming perennials.

Stems: Culms (stems) slender, trigonous, 20–40 cm tall.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked. Blades filiform, slightly shorter than to longer than the culm, 0.8–1(–1.5) mm wide. Apex gradually tapering and acuminate. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths brown, tightly surrounding the culm bases. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences spicately bearing 3–7 spikes, exposing the axis at least toward base, spikes androgynous or the terminal one often staminate, rarely a few spikes gynecandrous, ovoid or ovoid–globose, 0.3–1.2 cm long, 3–5'mm wide, sessile; lowest Flowers unisexual. Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Achenes ovoid; lenticular; stipitate. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 58

Habitat: Occurring in bogs; lake margins other wet sites.

Elevation Range: 1,370–2,225 m.

Historical Distribution

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Carex echinata subsp. echinata

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Prodr. Stirp. Gott.: 76 (1770)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1388 (K, M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Carex echinata Murray Alakai between Lehua makanoe and Kilohana Panicum cushions PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 2955 Kauai BISH 8/15/1938
2 Carex echinata Murray upper waiakea forest reserve In silversword bog, most abundant toward forest edge. Associated with Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 531 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1981
3 Carex echinata Murray Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Common sedge in silversword bog, most abundant toward forest edge. Associated with Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 531 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1981
4 Carex echinata Murray east maui, waihoi bog Among Oreobolus and Rhacomitrium hummocks. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2585 Maui BISH 7/11/1986
5 Carex echinata Murray kauai: alakai, between lehua makanoe and kilohana, in the panicum cushions, aug. 15. l. m. cranwell. o. selling. c. skottsberg. 2955. hawaiian bog survey 1938. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.; cranwell, l. m.; selling, o. 2955 GB 8/15/1938
6 Carex echinata Murray Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve. Silversword bog. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Davis 531 Hawaii PTBG 6/23/1981
7 Carex echinata Murray Northeastern outer slope of Haleakala, 1 1/2 miles northeast of Paliku Cabins, East Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J. S.; Vogl, R. 3612 Maui US 6/21/1969
8 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, Hanawi Natural Area Reserve. Margin of bog. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H71914 Maui PTBG 7/24/2019
9 Carex echinata Murray bogs below wai anapanapa, haleakala In the bog. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 1181.m Maui US 8/20/1919
10 Carex echinata Murray Unnamed kipuka along Saddle Rd., N side of hwy. near mile marker 19 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Gustafson, R.; Martin, W. C.; Flynn, T. W. 4880 Hawaii US 7/27/1983
11 Carex echinata Murray Maui, Kipahulu-Waihoi divide, north side of Hana Forest Reserve. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Mitchell, A. L. 21107 Maui US 8/22/1945
12 Carex echinata Murray piihonua, hilo forest reserve, site 34 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. adee s.n. Hawaii US 7/2/1979
13 Carex echinata Murray maui, kipahulu-waihoi divide, north side of hana forest reserve. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john & a. mitchell 21107 Maui US 8/22/1945
14 Carex echinata Murray 29 miles, kilauea, hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8223 Hawaii US 6/7/1929
15 Carex echinata Murray Piihonua, Hilo Forest Reserve, Site 34 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adee, K. s.n. Hawaii US 7/2/1979
16 Carex echinata Murray Bogs below Wai Anapanapa, Haleakala In the bog. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 1181.M Maui US 8/20/2019
17 Carex echinata Murray 29 Miles, Kilauea, Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8223 Hawaii US 6/7/2029
18 Carex echinata Murray east maui, e outer slope of haleakala, 2 miles ne of paliku cabins, in bog between wai anapanapa and wai ele'ele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson 3571 Kauai US 6/19/1969
19 Carex echinata Murray unnamed kipuka along saddle rd., n side of hwy. near mile marker 19 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, r. gustafson, w. c. martin & t. w. flynn 4880 Hawaii US 7/27/1983
20 Carex echinata Murray northeastern outer slope of haleakala, 1 1/2 miles northeast of paliku cabins, east maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson & r. vogl 3612 Hawaii US 6/21/1969
21 Carex echinata Murray kipuka ahiu, 1880-1 flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 934.h Hawaii BISH 6/24/1915
22 Carex echinata Murray Honaunau Forest, South Kona, near Kealakekua Ranch Growing on side of old jeep road with Anthoxanthum odoratum, and Holcus lanatus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 259 Hawaii BISH 3/28/1980
23 Carex echinata Murray east maui, hana district, e outer slope of haleakala, 1½ miles ne of paliku cabins, just above wai anapanapa infrequent in heath scrub along trail. With Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sadleria, Pteridium, Dubautia scabra, Lysimachia etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. vogl, r. collector number: 3603 Maui BISH 6/20/1969
24 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, E outer slope of Haleakala, 2 miles NE of Paliku Cabins, in bog between Wai Anapanapa and Wai Ele'ele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J. S. 3571 Maui US 6/19/1969
25 Carex echinata Murray haleakala, bogs below wai anapanapa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1181.m Maui BISH 8/20/1919
26 Carex echinata Murray unnamed kipuka along saddle rd., n side near mile-marker 19 kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. gustafson, r.; martin, w.; flynn, t. collector number: 4880 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1983
27 Carex echinata Murray east maui, hana district, hana forest reserve, in large bog near n rim of kipahulu with Plantago and Greenswords PRESERVED_SPECIMEN harrison, b. collector number: 251 Maui BISH 6/29/1973
28 Carex echinata Murray Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Common sedge in silversword bog, most abundant toward forest edge. Associated with Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 531 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1981
29 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, Hana District, E outer slope of Haleakala, 1½ miles NE of Paliku Cabins, just above Wai Anapanapa infrequent in heath scrub along trail. With Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sadleria, Pteridium, Dubautia scabra, Lysimachia etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3603 Maui BISH 6/20/1969
30 Carex echinata Murray east maui, e outer slope of haleakala, 2 miles ne of paliku cabins, in open bog between wai anapanapa and wai eleele with Carex montis-eeka, Deschampsia, Luzula, Dryopteris glabra. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. vogl, r. collector number: 3571 Maui BISH 6/19/1969
31 Carex echinata Murray south hilo distr., upper waiakea forest reserve, powerline road, pole 27, transect 26, ca. 2 mi. south of the junction with saddle road Kipuka about 1 mi. east of road, on damp forest floor. Associated with Broussaisia, Pelea, Metrosideros, Cibotium, Rubus, Astelia, Coprosma, Vaccinium, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gustafson, r. collector number: 2388 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1981
32 Carex echinata Murray Kipahulu - Waihoi divide, N side of Hana Forest Reserve Common, forming much of turf in wet open bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 21107 Maui BISH 8/22/1945
33 Carex echinata Murray in small bog inside "Waihoi Crater" on bed of Campylopus-like moss with Deschampsia and Carex montis-eeka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harrison, B. 587 Maui BISH 3/17/1974
34 Carex echinata Murray 29 Miles, Kilauea wet pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8223 Hawaii BISH 6/7/1929
35 Carex echinata Murray piihonua; hilo forest reserve, site 34 os Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN adee, k.t. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 7/2/1979
36 Carex echinata Murray Haleakala, Bogs below Wai Anapanapa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1181.M Maui BISH 8/20/1919
37 Carex echinata Murray Unnamed kipuka along Saddle Rd., N side near mile-marker 19 kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4880 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1983
38 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, E outer slope of Haleakala, 2 miles NE of Paliku Cabins, in open bog between Wai Anapanapa and Wai Eleele with Carex montis-eeka, Deschampsia, Luzula, Dryopteris glabra. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3571 Maui BISH 6/19/1969
39 Carex echinata Murray mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. berggren YPM 1875-08-08
40 Carex echinata Murray Piihonua; Hilo Forest Reserve, Site 34 OS Dense healthy forest. Assoc. spp: Metrosideros polymorpha (pubescent), Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana, Vaccinium calycinum, Cibotium glaucum. Soils an extremely shallow yet well-drained organic found over a pahoehoe flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adee, K.T. s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/2/1979
41 Carex echinata Murray honaunau forest, south kona, near kealakekua ranch Growing on side of old jeep road with Anthoxanthum odoratum, and Holcus lanatus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 259 Hawaii BISH 3/28/1980
42 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, Waihoi Bog Among Oreobolus and Rhacomitrium hummocks. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2585 Maui BISH 7/11/1986
43 Carex echinata Murray in small bog inside "waihoi crater" on bed of Campylopus-like moss with Deschampsia and Carex montis-eeka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN harrison, b. collector number: 587 Maui BISH 3/17/1974
44 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, E outer slope of Haleakala, 2 miles NE of Paliku Cabins, of Wai Eleele lake below Wai Anapanapa with Carex alligata, C. nealae, Deschampsia, Luzula. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3564 Maui BISH 6/19/1969
45 Carex echinata Murray South Hilo Distr., Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, Powerline Road, Pole 27, Transect 26, ca. 2 mi south of the junction with Saddle Road Kipuka about 1 mi. east of road, on damp forest floor. Associated with Broussaisia, Pelea, Metrosideros, Cibotium, Rubus, Astelia, Coprosma, Vaccinium, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gustafson, R. 2388 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1981
46 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, NE outer slope of Haleakala, 1½ miles NE of Paliku Cabins, in mire at NE corner of extensive Deschampsia grassland common in mire with Carex montis-eeka, Deschampsia, Oreobolus, Panicum lamiatile, Luzula etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3612 Maui BISH 6/21/1969
47 Carex echinata Murray kipahulu - waihoi divide, n side of hana forest reserve Common, forming much of turf in wet open bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 21107 Maui BISH 8/22/1945
48 Carex echinata Murray alakai between lehua makanoe and kilohana Panicum cushions PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. selling, o.; skottsberg, c. collector number: 2955 Kauai BISH 8/15/1938
49 Carex echinata Murray east maui, makawao district, just below ukulele camp Growing in shade under mixed ohia forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1406 Maui BISH 6/1/1982
50 Carex echinata Murray Kipuka Ahiu, 1880-1 flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 934.H Hawaii BISH 6/24/1915
51 Carex echinata Murray east maui, e outer slope of haleakala, 2 miles ne of paliku cabins, of wai eleele lake below wai anapanapa with Carex alligata, C. nealae, Deschampsia, Luzula. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. vogl, r. collector number: 3564 Maui BISH 6/19/1969
52 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, In large bog near N rim of Kipahulu with Plantago and Greenswords PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harrison, B. 251 Maui BISH 6/29/1973
53 Carex echinata Murray east maui, ne outer slope of haleakala, 1½ miles ne of paliku cabins, in mire at ne corner of extensive deschampsia grassland common in mire with Carex montis-eeka, Deschampsia, Oreobolus, Panicum lamiatile, Luzula etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. vogl, r. collector number: 3612 Maui BISH 6/21/1969
54 Carex echinata Murray 29 miles, kilauea wet pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8223 Hawaii BISH 6/7/1929
55 Carex echinata Murray Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve In silversword bog, most abundant toward forest edge. Associated with Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 531 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1981
56 Carex echinata Murray upper waiakea forest reserve Common sedge in silversword bog, most abundant toward forest edge. Associated with Carex alligata, C. montis-eeka, Oreobolus, Rhynchospora spiciformis, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 531 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1981
57 Carex echinata Murray East Maui, Makawao District, just below Ukulele camp Growing in shade under mixed ohia forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1406 Maui BISH 6/1/1982
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